*, *::before, *::after { box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0; padding: 0; }

  html { scroll-behavior: smooth; }
  body {
    font-family: var(--font-body);
    color: var(--text);
    background: var(--white);
    line-height: 1.65;
    font-size: 16px;
  }

  .btn {
    display: inline-block;
    font-family: var(--font-head);
    font-weight: 700;
    font-size: 14px;
    letter-spacing: 0.4px;
    padding: 11px 26px;
    border-radius: 4px;
    text-decoration: none;
    transition: all 0.2s;
    cursor: pointer;
    border: none;
  }
  .btn-accent { background: var(--accent); color: var(--white); }
  .btn-accent:hover { background: var(--accent-hover); transform: translateY(-1px); box-shadow: 0 4px 14px rgba(46,196,168,0.35); }
  .btn-outline-white { background: transparent; color: var(--white); border: 2px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.6); }
  .btn-outline-white:hover { border-color: var(--white); background: rgba(255,255,255,0.08); }
  .btn-navy { background: var(--navy); color: var(--white); }
  .btn-navy:hover { background: var(--navy-mid); }
  .btn-outline-navy { background: transparent; color: var(--navy); border: 2px solid var(--navy); }
  .btn-outline-navy:hover { background: var(--navy); color: var(--white); }

  .breadcrumb-strip {
    background: var(--navy-deep);
    padding: 16px 40px;
    border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.06);
  }
  .breadcrumb {
    font-family: var(--font-head);
    font-size: 10.5px; font-weight: 600;
    letter-spacing: 1.3px; text-transform: uppercase;
    color: rgba(255,255,255,0.55);
  }
  .breadcrumb a { color: rgba(255,255,255,0.7); text-decoration: none; }
  .breadcrumb a:hover { color: var(--white); }
  .breadcrumb .sep { margin: 0 12px; opacity: 0.4; color: rgba(255,255,255,0.5); }
  .breadcrumb .current { color: var(--accent); }

  /* ── ARTICLE HERO ── */
  .article-hero {
    background: linear-gradient(135deg, #0e2240 0%, #1c3a5f 55%, #254d7a 100%);
    color: var(--white);
    padding: 70px 40px 90px;
    position: relative;
    overflow: hidden;
  }
  .article-hero::before {
    content: '';
    position: absolute;
    inset: 0;
    background-image:
      radial-gradient(circle at 15% 35%, rgba(46,196,168,0.16) 0%, transparent 35%),
      radial-gradient(circle at 85% 70%, rgba(75,168,232,0.1) 0%, transparent 40%);
    pointer-events: none;
  }
  .article-hero-inner {
    position: relative;
    max-width: 820px;
    margin: 0 auto;
    text-align: center;
  }
  .article-cat {
    display: inline-block;
    font-family: var(--font-head);
    font-size: 11px;
    font-weight: 700;
    letter-spacing: 2.5px;
    text-transform: uppercase;
    color: var(--accent);
    background: var(--accent-soft);
    padding: 7px 18px;
    border-radius: 20px;
    margin-bottom: 24px;
  }
  .article-hero h1 {
    font-family: var(--font-head);
    font-size: clamp(32px, 4.4vw, 50px);
    font-weight: 800;
    line-height: 1.1;
    letter-spacing: -0.5px;
    margin-bottom: 22px;
    text-wrap: balance;
  }
  .article-hero h1 em { color: var(--accent); font-style: normal; }
  .article-dek {
    font-size: 19px;
    color: rgba(255,255,255,0.85);
    line-height: 1.6;
    max-width: 720px;
    margin: 0 auto;
    font-family: var(--font-article);
    font-style: italic;
  }
  .article-meta {
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: center;
    gap: 18px;
    margin-top: 32px;
    flex-wrap: wrap;
    padding-top: 28px;
    border-top: 1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.12);
  }
  .article-author {
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 12px;
  }
  .article-author .avatar {
    width: 44px; height: 44px;
    border-radius: 50%;
    background: linear-gradient(135deg, var(--accent) 0%, var(--navy-light) 100%);
    color: var(--white);
    display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center;
    font-family: var(--font-head);
    font-size: 14px; font-weight: 800;
  }
  .article-author .info { text-align: left; font-family: var(--font-head); }
  .article-author .name {
    font-size: 14px; font-weight: 700;
    color: var(--white);
  }
  .article-author .role {
    font-size: 11.5px; font-weight: 600;
    color: rgba(255,255,255,0.6);
    margin-top: 2px;
  }
  .meta-divider { width: 1px; height: 28px; background: rgba(255,255,255,0.15); }
  .meta-item {
    font-family: var(--font-head);
    font-size: 12px;
    font-weight: 600;
    letter-spacing: 0.5px;
    color: rgba(255,255,255,0.7);
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 6px;
  }
  .meta-item svg { width: 14px; height: 14px; stroke: rgba(255,255,255,0.5); fill: none; stroke-width: 2; }

  /* ── ARTICLE LAYOUT (single wide column) ── */
  .article-shell {
    background: var(--white);
    padding: 70px 40px 40px;
  }
  .article-shell-inner {
    max-width: 920px;
    margin: 0 auto;
  }

  /* ── KEY TAKEAWAYS AT TOP ── */
  .key-takeaways {
    background: var(--accent-mist);
    border: 1px solid rgba(46,196,168,0.28);
    border-left: 5px solid var(--accent);
    border-radius: 12px;
    padding: 26px 30px 28px;
    margin-bottom: 48px;
  }
  .key-takeaways-label {
    font-family: var(--font-head);
    font-size: 10.5px;
    font-weight: 700;
    letter-spacing: 2px;
    text-transform: uppercase;
    color: var(--accent-hover);
    margin-bottom: 14px;
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 10px;
  }
  .key-takeaways-label::before {
    content: '';
    width: 4px; height: 16px;
    background: var(--accent);
    border-radius: 2px;
  }
  .key-takeaways-head {
    font-family: var(--font-head);
    font-size: 17px;
    font-weight: 800;
    color: var(--navy);
    letter-spacing: -0.3px;
    margin-bottom: 16px;
  }
  .key-takeaways ul {
    list-style: none;
    padding: 0;
    margin: 0;
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    gap: 10px;
  }
  .key-takeaways ul li {
    font-size: 15px;
    color: var(--text);
    line-height: 1.6;
    padding-left: 22px;
    position: relative;
  }
  .key-takeaways ul li::before {
    content: '';
    position: absolute;
    left: 0; top: 8px;
    width: 8px; height: 8px;
    border-radius: 50%;
    background: var(--accent);
  }
  .key-takeaways ul li strong { color: var(--navy); }

  /* ── SHARE BOTTOM ── */
  .share-bottom {
    background: var(--white);
    border-top: 1px solid var(--gray-light);
    border-bottom: 1px solid var(--gray-light);
    padding: 40px 40px;
  }
  .share-bottom-inner {
    max-width: 920px;
    margin: 0 auto;
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: space-between;
    gap: 24px;
    flex-wrap: wrap;
  }
  .share-bottom-label {
    font-family: var(--font-head);
    font-size: 13px;
    font-weight: 700;
    color: var(--navy);
    letter-spacing: 0.3px;
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 12px;
  }
  .share-bottom-label::before {
    content: '';
    width: 32px;
    height: 2px;
    background: var(--accent);
  }
  .share-bottom-btns {
    display: flex;
    gap: 10px;
  }
  .share-bottom-btn {
    width: 44px;
    height: 44px;
    border-radius: 50%;
    background: var(--white);
    border: 1px solid var(--gray-light);
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: center;
    transition: all 0.2s;
    cursor: pointer;
    color: var(--text-muted);
    text-decoration: none;
  }
  .share-bottom-btn:hover {
    border-color: var(--accent);
    color: var(--accent);
    transform: translateY(-2px);
  }
  .share-bottom-btn svg { width: 18px; height: 18px; fill: currentColor; }

  /* ── FAQ ── */
  .faq-section {
    background: var(--off-white);
    padding: 80px 40px;
  }
  .faq-inner {
    max-width: 920px;
    margin: 0 auto;
  }
  .faq-head {
    text-align: center;
    margin-bottom: 48px;
  }
  .faq-label {
    font-family: var(--font-head);
    font-size: 11px;
    font-weight: 700;
    letter-spacing: 2.5px;
    text-transform: uppercase;
    color: var(--accent);
    margin-bottom: 12px;
  }
  .faq-head h2 {
    font-family: var(--font-head);
    font-size: clamp(28px, 3.2vw, 36px);
    font-weight: 800;
    color: var(--navy);
    letter-spacing: -0.6px;
    line-height: 1.2;
  }
  .faq-list {
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    gap: 12px;
  }
  .faq-item {
    background: var(--white);
    border: 1px solid var(--gray-light);
    border-radius: 12px;
    overflow: hidden;
    transition: box-shadow 0.2s, border-color 0.2s;
  }
  .faq-item.open {
    box-shadow: 0 8px 24px rgba(28,58,95,0.08);
    border-color: rgba(46,196,168,0.3);
  }
  .faq-q {
    width: 100%;
    background: transparent;
    border: none;
    padding: 22px 26px;
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: space-between;
    gap: 20px;
    cursor: pointer;
    text-align: left;
    font-family: var(--font-head);
    font-size: 17px;
    font-weight: 700;
    color: var(--navy);
    letter-spacing: -0.2px;
    line-height: 1.35;
  }
  .faq-icon {
    width: 32px;
    height: 32px;
    border-radius: 50%;
    background: var(--off-white);
    flex-shrink: 0;
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: center;
    transition: background 0.2s, transform 0.25s;
    color: var(--navy);
    font-family: var(--font-head);
    font-size: 18px;
    font-weight: 700;
  }
  .faq-item.open .faq-icon {
    background: var(--accent-soft);
    color: var(--accent-hover);
    transform: rotate(45deg);
  }
  .faq-a {
    max-height: 0;
    overflow: hidden;
    transition: max-height 0.3s ease;
    color: var(--text-muted);
    font-size: 15.5px;
    line-height: 1.7;
  }
  .faq-item.open .faq-a {
    max-height: 600px;
    padding: 0 26px 26px;
  }
  .faq-a p { margin-bottom: 12px; }
  .faq-a p:last-child { margin-bottom: 0; }

  /* Reading progress + share rail (left) */
  .share-rail {
    position: sticky;
    top: 130px;
  }
  .share-rail .rail-label {
    font-family: var(--font-head);
    font-size: 10px; font-weight: 700;
    color: var(--text-muted);
    letter-spacing: 1.8px;
    text-transform: uppercase;
    margin-bottom: 14px;
  }
  .share-btns { display: flex; flex-direction: column; gap: 10px; }
  .share-btn {
    width: 44px; height: 44px;
    border-radius: 50%;
    background: var(--white);
    border: 1px solid var(--gray-light);
    display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center;
    transition: all 0.2s;
    cursor: pointer;
    color: var(--text-muted);
    text-decoration: none;
  }
  .share-btn:hover {
    border-color: var(--accent);
    color: var(--accent);
    transform: translateY(-2px);
  }
  .share-btn svg { width: 18px; height: 18px; fill: currentColor; }
  .read-progress-wrap {
    margin-top: 36px;
  }
  .read-progress-label {
    font-family: var(--font-head);
    font-size: 10px; font-weight: 700;
    color: var(--text-muted);
    letter-spacing: 1.8px;
    text-transform: uppercase;
    margin-bottom: 10px;
  }
  .read-progress-bar {
    width: 100%;
    height: 4px;
    background: var(--gray-light);
    border-radius: 4px;
    overflow: hidden;
  }
  .read-progress-fill {
    height: 100%;
    width: 0%;
    background: var(--accent);
    border-radius: 4px;
    transition: width 0.1s ease;
  }
  .read-progress-pct {
    font-family: var(--font-head);
    font-size: 12px;
    font-weight: 700;
    color: var(--navy);
    margin-top: 8px;
  }

  /* TOC (right) */
  .toc-rail { position: sticky; top: 130px; }
  .toc-label {
    font-family: var(--font-head);
    font-size: 10px; font-weight: 700;
    color: var(--text-muted);
    letter-spacing: 1.8px;
    text-transform: uppercase;
    margin-bottom: 16px;
    padding-bottom: 12px;
    border-bottom: 1px solid var(--gray-light);
  }
  .toc-list { display: flex; flex-direction: column; gap: 4px; }
  .toc-list a {
    font-family: var(--font-body);
    font-size: 13.5px;
    color: var(--text-muted);
    text-decoration: none;
    padding: 6px 0 6px 12px;
    border-left: 2px solid transparent;
    transition: all 0.2s;
    line-height: 1.4;
  }
  .toc-list a:hover, .toc-list a.active {
    color: var(--navy);
    border-left-color: var(--accent);
    font-weight: 600;
  }

  /* Article body */
  article {
    font-family: var(--font-article);
    font-size: 19px;
    line-height: 1.75;
    color: var(--text);
  }
  article p {
    color: var(--text);
    margin-bottom: 26px;
    line-height: 1.75;
  }
  article p:first-of-type::first-letter {
    font-family: var(--font-head);
    font-size: 64px;
    font-weight: 800;
    color: var(--navy);
    float: left;
    line-height: 0.9;
    padding: 6px 14px 0 0;
    letter-spacing: -3px;
  }
  article h2 {
    font-family: var(--font-head);
    font-size: 26px;
    font-weight: 800;
    color: var(--navy);
    line-height: 1.25;
    letter-spacing: -0.6px;
    margin: 48px 0 18px;
    scroll-margin-top: 130px;
  }
  article h3 {
    font-family: var(--font-head);
    font-size: 20px;
    font-weight: 700;
    color: var(--navy);
    margin: 36px 0 12px;
    letter-spacing: -0.3px;
  }
  article strong { color: var(--navy); font-weight: 600; }
  article em { color: inherit; }
  article a {
    color: var(--accent-hover);
    text-decoration: none;
    border-bottom: 1px solid var(--accent);
    transition: color 0.2s;
  }
  article a:hover { color: var(--navy); border-bottom-color: var(--navy); }
  article blockquote {
    border-left: 4px solid var(--accent);
    padding: 8px 0 8px 28px;
    margin: 32px 0;
    font-family: var(--font-head);
    font-size: 24px;
    font-weight: 700;
    color: var(--navy);
    line-height: 1.4;
    letter-spacing: -0.5px;
    font-style: italic;
  }
  article ul, article ol {
    margin: 0 0 26px 0;
    padding-left: 24px;
  }
  article li {
    margin-bottom: 12px;
    line-height: 1.7;
  }
  article ul li::marker { color: var(--accent); font-weight: 700; }
  article hr {
    border: none;
    height: 1px;
    background: var(--gray-light);
    margin: 48px 0;
  }
  article .pull-stat {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: auto 1fr;
    gap: 24px;
    align-items: center;
    background: var(--off-white);
    border-left: 4px solid var(--accent);
    padding: 28px 32px;
    border-radius: 0 12px 12px 0;
    margin: 32px 0;
  }
  article .pull-stat .ps-num {
    font-family: var(--font-head);
    font-size: 56px;
    font-weight: 800;
    color: var(--navy);
    line-height: 1;
    letter-spacing: -2px;
  }
  article .pull-stat .ps-num span { color: var(--accent); }
  article .pull-stat .ps-label {
    font-family: var(--font-head);
    font-size: 14px;
    font-weight: 700;
    color: var(--navy);
    line-height: 1.4;
    letter-spacing: -0.2px;
  }
  article .pull-stat .ps-label .ps-sub {
    display: block;
    font-family: var(--font-body);
    font-size: 13px;
    font-weight: 400;
    color: var(--text-muted);
    margin-top: 4px;
    line-height: 1.5;
  }

  /* ── AUTHOR BIO BLOCK ── */
  .author-bio-section {
    background: var(--off-white);
    padding: 60px 40px;
    border-top: 1px solid var(--gray-light);
    border-bottom: 1px solid var(--gray-light);
  }
  .author-bio {
    max-width: 820px;
    margin: 0 auto;
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: 84px 1fr;
    gap: 28px;
    align-items: start;
  }
  .author-bio .avatar-lg {
    width: 84px; height: 84px;
    border-radius: 50%;
    background: linear-gradient(135deg, var(--accent) 0%, var(--navy-light) 100%);
    color: var(--white);
    display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center;
    font-family: var(--font-head);
    font-size: 26px; font-weight: 800;
    flex-shrink: 0;
  }
  .author-bio-text {
    font-family: var(--font-body);
  }
  .ab-label {
    font-family: var(--font-head);
    font-size: 10px;
    font-weight: 700;
    letter-spacing: 1.8px;
    text-transform: uppercase;
    color: var(--accent);
    margin-bottom: 8px;
  }
  .ab-name {
    font-family: var(--font-head);
    font-size: 22px;
    font-weight: 800;
    color: var(--navy);
    letter-spacing: -0.4px;
    line-height: 1.2;
  }
  .ab-role {
    font-family: var(--font-head);
    font-size: 13px;
    font-weight: 600;
    color: var(--accent-hover);
    letter-spacing: 0.5px;
    margin-top: 4px;
    text-transform: uppercase;
  }
  .ab-blurb {
    font-size: 14.5px;
    color: var(--text-muted);
    line-height: 1.7;
    margin-top: 12px;
  }

  /* ── RELATED POSTS ── */
  .related {
    background: var(--white);
    padding: 80px 40px;
  }
  .related-head {
    max-width: 1200px;
    margin: 0 auto 36px;
  }
  .related-head .section-label {
    font-family: var(--font-head);
    font-size: 11px;
    font-weight: 700;
    letter-spacing: 2.5px;
    text-transform: uppercase;
    color: var(--accent);
    margin-bottom: 8px;
  }
  .related-head h2 {
    font-family: var(--font-head);
    font-size: clamp(24px, 2.8vw, 32px);
    font-weight: 800;
    color: var(--navy);
    letter-spacing: -0.5px;
  }
  .related-grid {
    max-width: 1200px;
    margin: 0 auto;
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: repeat(3, 1fr);
    gap: 24px;
  }
  .related-card {
    background: var(--white);
    border-radius: 14px;
    overflow: hidden;
    border: 1px solid var(--gray-light);
    text-decoration: none;
    color: inherit;
    transition: transform 0.25s, box-shadow 0.25s, border-color 0.2s;
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
  }
  .related-card:hover {
    transform: translateY(-3px);
    box-shadow: 0 12px 28px rgba(28,58,95,0.1);
    border-color: rgba(46,196,168,0.3);
  }
  .related-img {
    aspect-ratio: 16 / 10;
    position: relative;
  }
  .related-img.t1 { background: linear-gradient(135deg, #1c3a5f, #2f6396); }
  .related-img.t2 { background: linear-gradient(135deg, #0e8fa3, #2ec4a8); }
  .related-img.t3 { background: linear-gradient(135deg, #254d7a, #4ba8e8); }
  .related-tag {
    position: absolute;
    top: 12px; left: 12px;
    font-family: var(--font-head);
    font-size: 10px;
    font-weight: 700;
    letter-spacing: 1.5px;
    text-transform: uppercase;
    color: var(--white);
    background: rgba(14,34,64,0.65);
    backdrop-filter: blur(8px);
    padding: 4px 10px;
    border-radius: 4px;
  }
  .related-body { padding: 22px 22px 24px; }
  .related-meta {
    font-family: var(--font-head);
    font-size: 10.5px;
    font-weight: 700;
    letter-spacing: 1px;
    text-transform: uppercase;
    color: var(--text-muted);
    margin-bottom: 10px;
  }
  .related-body h3 {
    font-family: var(--font-head);
    font-size: 17px;
    font-weight: 800;
    color: var(--navy);
    line-height: 1.3;
    letter-spacing: -0.3px;
    text-wrap: balance;
  }

  /* ── CTA + NEWSLETTER STRIP ── */
  .post-cta {
    background: linear-gradient(135deg, var(--navy-deep) 0%, var(--navy) 50%, var(--navy-mid) 100%);
    padding: 80px 40px;
    text-align: center;
    color: var(--white);
    position: relative;
    overflow: hidden;
  }
  .post-cta::before {
    content: '';
    position: absolute;
    top: -100px; right: -80px;
    width: 280px; height: 280px;
    border-radius: 50%;
    background: radial-gradient(circle, rgba(46,196,168,0.2) 0%, transparent 70%);
    pointer-events: none;
  }
  .post-cta-inner {
    position: relative;
    max-width: 820px;
    margin: 0 auto;
  }
  .post-cta .section-label {
    font-family: var(--font-head);
    font-size: 11px;
    font-weight: 700;
    letter-spacing: 2.5px;
    text-transform: uppercase;
    color: var(--accent);
    margin-bottom: 14px;
  }
  .post-cta h2 {
    font-family: var(--font-head);
    color: var(--white);
    font-size: clamp(26px, 3.4vw, 38px);
    font-weight: 800;
    letter-spacing: -0.6px;
    line-height: 1.2;
    margin-bottom: 18px;
    text-wrap: balance;
  }
  .post-cta p {
    color: rgba(255,255,255,0.85);
    font-size: 17px;
    max-width: 620px;
    margin: 0 auto 32px;
    line-height: 1.65;
  }
  .post-cta-btns {
    display: flex;
    gap: 14px;
    justify-content: center;
    flex-wrap: wrap;
  }
  .post-cta-btns .btn { font-size: 15px; padding: 14px 30px; }
  .btn-white { background: var(--white); color: var(--navy); }
  .btn-white:hover { transform: translateY(-1px); box-shadow: 0 6px 20px rgba(0,0,0,0.15); }

  @media (max-width: 900px) {
    article p:first-of-type::first-letter { font-size: 52px; }
    .related-grid { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
    .author-bio { grid-template-columns: 1fr; text-align: center; }
    .author-bio .avatar-lg { margin: 0 auto; }
    .toc-top-list { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
    .share-bottom-inner { flex-direction: column; align-items: flex-start; }
  }
  @media (max-width: 640px) {
    .article-hero { padding: 50px 24px 60px; }
    .article-shell { padding: 50px 24px 30px; }
    article { font-size: 17px; }
  }

/* featured + inline article images (dynamic blog) */
.article-hero-img-wrap {
  max-width: 900px;
  margin: 0 auto 8px;
  padding: 0 24px;
}
.article-hero-img {
  width: 100%;
  height: auto;
  border-radius: 14px;
  display: block;
  box-shadow: 0 18px 50px rgba(14,34,64,0.16);
}
.article-inline-img {
  margin: 36px 0;
}
.article-inline-img img {
  width: 100%;
  height: auto;
  border-radius: 12px;
  display: block;
  box-shadow: 0 12px 36px rgba(14,34,64,0.12);
}
.article-inline-img figcaption {
  margin-top: 10px;
  font-size: 13.5px;
  color: var(--text-muted);
  text-align: center;
  font-style: italic;
}
@media (max-width: 640px) {
  .article-hero-img-wrap { padding: 0 16px; }
}

/* related card featured-image photos */
.related-img { position: relative; overflow: hidden; }
.related-img-photo {
  position: absolute; inset: 0;
  width: 100%; height: 100%;
  object-fit: cover;
  display: block;
}